A regulated power supply is very much essential for several electronic devices due to the semiconductor material employed in them have a fixed rate of current as well as voltage.The device may get damaged if there is any deviation from the fixed rate.But using batteries in sensitive electronic circuits is not a good idea as batteries eventually drain out and loose their potential over time.
But, most of the TTL ICs work on 5V logic and hence we need a mechanism to provide a consistent 5V Supply. It is an IC in the 78XX family of linear voltage regulators that produce a regulated 5V as output. Currently, the 7805 Voltage Regulator IC is manufactured by Texas Instruments, ON Semiconductor, STMicroelectronics, Diodes incorporated, Infineon Technologies, etc. Out of these, the TO-220 Package is the most commonly used one (it is the one shown in the above image). A positive unregulated voltage is given as input to this pin. In fact, if the input supply is an unregulated DC Voltage, then all you need are two capacitor (even those are not mandatory depending on the implementation). Also, the 0.1F Capacitor near the output is optional and if used, it helps in the transient response. ![]() The circuit is made up of transformer, bridge rectifier made up from diodes, linear voltage regulator 7805 and capacitors. In the first part, the AC Mains is converted into unregulated DC and in the second part, this unregulated DC is converted into regulated 5V DC. The secondary of the transformer is connected to Bridge rectifier (either a dedicated IC or a combination of 4 1N4007 Diodes can be used). The rectified DC from the bridge rectifier is smoothened out with the help of 1000F Capacitor. This is given as an input to the 7805 Voltage Regulator IC. IC then converts this to a regulated 5V DC and the output can be obtained at its output terminals. This means that when a 7.5V 1A supply is given at input, the output will be 5V 1A. ![]() ATMEL328P) I will use voltage regulator, but how can I determine the value of components such as capacitor or resistor if I need. Also, I need help that why we need bypass capacitors for crystal oscillator which will be used for the microcontroller.
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